tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27068440109296932822024-02-22T05:59:09.648-08:00Rising Tide Conservation UpdatesRising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.comBlogger81125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-41055273508210316962015-10-14T12:30:00.000-07:002015-10-14T12:30:01.773-07:00UPDATE: Yellow Tang Progress at Oceanic Institute!<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
Oceanic Institute of Hawaii Pacific University is making some great headway with rearing Yellow Tangs! Check out the videos of the 36dph and 49dph groups at the Rising Tide Facebook Page: http://on.fb.me/1hEwIUf </div>
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"The [Yellow Tang] group that is 70dph only has a handful remaining, and just a couple of that handful look like the photo. We are observing a pretty significant gap in development within cohorts, where some fish are extremely stunted compared to their siblings. However, we are really excited to be seeing the dorsal and anal fins forming, which is signaling that the transition to settlement is close! The next group that we have is 49 dph today and many of these fish appear similar in development to our day 70 group. This tank has more than 100 remaining, and they appear really strong, much more lively and active than the day 70 group did at the same age. We are really excited about these 49 dph fish, as they really seem to be doing well. They are even eating frozen cylcopeeze! Finally, we have another group at 36dph and there are over 1,000 in that tank. They have started taking artemia and dry feed and we are really optimistic that they will continue to thrive as well!!</div>
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The biggest changes since our first "success" last year are that we are overlapping the live feeds much longer. The fish are getting broader combinations of copepods, rotifers and artemia, where as last time we relied almost exclusively on copepods (of varying sizes). We also offered dry feed more intensively and at earlier stages, which I think is really helping."</div>
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Dr. Chad Callan and the Rising Tide Crew at the Oceanic Institute</div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-14559964430447295782015-10-08T09:53:00.000-07:002015-10-08T09:53:06.518-07:00Callan Lab at OI Grad Students: Erin Pereira-Davison<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_-8-TLfckGHsCKPbS5uL27O_z9WlQw0SE6UzJCY6uVtI9A0R4Alocz6LLgt9-AUrQSamLfoFFZ8EP9UvbIXkYLRVMcwEvdQ-ATgqwHWSSNfDTdzoGnAmYn9eN5trwQMYE8f4g7057gYdA/s1600/Erin+Pereira-Davison.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_-8-TLfckGHsCKPbS5uL27O_z9WlQw0SE6UzJCY6uVtI9A0R4Alocz6LLgt9-AUrQSamLfoFFZ8EP9UvbIXkYLRVMcwEvdQ-ATgqwHWSSNfDTdzoGnAmYn9eN5trwQMYE8f4g7057gYdA/s400/Erin+Pereira-Davison.JPG" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">I am a second
year graduate student with a graduation date of May 2016. I am currently working
with first feeding larval yellow tang primarily during the crucial, first
feeding bottleneck. My project deals with different parameters of the rearing
environment in hopes of improving feed incidence, growth and survival. My
thesis is officially titled<br />
<br />
"Effects of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, Turbidity, and Prey
Density on Feed Incidence, Growth and Survival in Cultured Larval Yellow Tang *(<i>Zebrasoma flavescens</i>)*."<br />
<br />
To date, I have been able to determine an ideal photoperiod as it pertains to
feed incidence which OI has applied to the current groups of 20 day post hatch
(DPH)+ yellow tang larvae. Light intensity and turbidity have also yielded
significant results that may be applied to larval rearing in the future.<br />
<br />
Trials pertaining to prey density are ongoing. Once completed, I will run an experiment
where all the new found parameters will be combined and compared against OI’s
previous rearing parameters in hopes of finding significant improvements in
overall survival during first feeding (3-5 DPH)<br />
<br />
Recently my preliminary photoperiod data was accepted for exhibition at
the World Aquaculture Society’s conference in Las Vegas, February 2016. Presenting
my research is a great opportunity to share the unique research going on at OI
with the help of Rising Tide conservation.<br />
<br />
On a personal note, I am a Florida native where I completed my undergraduate
degree at the University of West Florida under the guidance of Dr. Alexis
Janosik and Dr. Toby Daly-Engel. After graduate school I plan on spending some
time in the aquaculture industry and then pursue a PhD pertaining to
aquaculture, specifically ornamental aquaculture if possible. My husband Ryan
Davison is active duty Army and we have two fur babies named Jasper and Icarus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-47207054264606818672015-10-08T09:22:00.001-07:002015-10-08T09:22:33.814-07:00Callan Lab at OI Grad Students: Emma Forbes<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmI1Yl3vIDabMFSWvoluQI6omzKEt9oL7KIZXmuuTF0JNvuw2F11-1G_AS3JkvXQWNsPnzqZX2ZUh1fdZKuPKogBUjc0qmzsGXyHEyftQnc-IKfUyBQHeRhsa8nqFEpw45DPwspXCu5Ali/s1600/Emma+Forbes+Pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmI1Yl3vIDabMFSWvoluQI6omzKEt9oL7KIZXmuuTF0JNvuw2F11-1G_AS3JkvXQWNsPnzqZX2ZUh1fdZKuPKogBUjc0qmzsGXyHEyftQnc-IKfUyBQHeRhsa8nqFEpw45DPwspXCu5Ali/s400/Emma+Forbes+Pic.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">As a student
at Hawaii Pacific University I am fortunate enough to complete my Masters in
Marine Science while enjoying the gorgeous Hawaiian sunshine. I am originally
from New York and graduated from Old Dominion University in 2012 with a
Bachelor of Science in Biology. After graduation I took an internship at the
Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town, South Africa. It was there that my interest
in marine ornamental aquaculture was sparked. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">My research
here is on the assessment of the bacterial community in our live feeds (copepod
nauplii) with the addition of probiotics. I am using varying next generation
sequencing techniques to assess bacterial communities in the nauplii and
potential shifts in bacterial communities with the addition of the probiotics.
With this information we are hoping to gain some insight into the bacterial
composition of the larval gut and increase larval survival past the first 9
days. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">After
graduation I am hoping to continue research at OI, because you can’t really go
wrong with fish and Hawaii! With luck they’ll let me stick around and I can continue
some genomic work with our broodstock and larvae to further advance our
understanding of the yellow tang life cycle. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">When I am not
hugging all of my fish, I can usually be found playing in the ocean. I am an
open water swimmer and enjoy getting in the water every chance I can! Last
spring we swam 13.2 miles between the islands of Maui and Lanai and are hoping
to try again this spring! My biggest focus currently is wrapping up my thesis
and enjoying the ocean as much as possible before the “Hawaiian winter” sets
in! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-64105511613066660962015-05-19T09:23:00.000-07:002015-05-19T09:23:06.111-07:00Update on Yellow Tang Research at OI<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">It’s been
about a year since we reported our best success to date with rearing yellow
tang, having gotten larvae through to day 83. Since then we’ve had some
repeated successes getting the larvae past the first month or so, but never any
quite as far along as that cohort from last January. Frustratingly, we seem to
have taken a few steps backward again (as seems more common in this field than
not), and are now struggling to keep the larvae going past the first week. We have been revisiting the protocols used
from that successful period to ask a lot of questions pertaining to why that
worked then, and not now. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNTn-dXf3SX3MjALz7XARue932ZxQACHdenHCQwOEyXxusYSSYUb2IALfhnntc45EhIKUGN2guqWxPcsUJam5obm2h7RdYXtwpbBwUYFIDdfDzsMjfUED69rVKZt8HxOH6n3fBrmXGVzdl/s1600/Yellow+tang+OI+composite.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNTn-dXf3SX3MjALz7XARue932ZxQACHdenHCQwOEyXxusYSSYUb2IALfhnntc45EhIKUGN2guqWxPcsUJam5obm2h7RdYXtwpbBwUYFIDdfDzsMjfUED69rVKZt8HxOH6n3fBrmXGVzdl/s640/Yellow+tang+OI+composite.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Yellow
Tang larvae reared at OI. A=14 dph, B=24 dph, C=36 dph, <br />D=45 dph, E=50 dph,
F=60 dph. Scale bar = 1mm</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3SluIFVLrwBoJRkcgmZeL3aMerL-lqRHi_Jf8nO5tt-u7q1G_0UIJv7dq6C48SkpStaW3r7XO-IceHSQwrh91y4uW7qNnHQIKpJOEXVdK2fSe4tgGZOB6BAkvka9S6t-v8y_l6SoDavLX/s1600/OI+HPU+grad+students.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3SluIFVLrwBoJRkcgmZeL3aMerL-lqRHi_Jf8nO5tt-u7q1G_0UIJv7dq6C48SkpStaW3r7XO-IceHSQwrh91y4uW7qNnHQIKpJOEXVdK2fSe4tgGZOB6BAkvka9S6t-v8y_l6SoDavLX/s400/OI+HPU+grad+students.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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Hawaii Pacific University Graduate Students (left to right)
Aurora Burgess, </div>
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Emma Forbes & Erin Pereira-Davison<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">I have a
great group of ambitious graduate students working on some key aspects of this challenge.
Emma Forbes is focusing her research on the microbial community associated with
the live feeds and rearing environment, which may have huge effects on larval
survival. Erin Pereira-Davison is investigating
several key environmental parameters that could affect first feeding success.
She’s looking at the effects of photoperiod, light intensity, turbidity and
prey density on first feeding in the larvae. Aurora Burgess will be focusing on
the development of the feeding mechanisms in the early larvae, and how this
development impacts prey selectivity and feeding ability. She will also be
looking at alternative prey items from the wild, compared to our cultured
copepods, and testing their use in the culture process. On top of all this, we have also recruited
new broodstock from partner institutions in Hawaii and have recently obtained good
spawns from these new stocks. This will
help us determine if perhaps our recent challenges are egg quality-related. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">All of these
projects working together will hopefully reveal some important insights into
the culture processes that will help us better understand the unique
requirements of these larvae. Stay tuned for updates from our work, and
hopefully some more success to report soon! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">~Aloha, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The Rising Tide crew at the <o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Oceanic Institute </span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-31977931839776121952015-04-24T10:41:00.000-07:002015-04-24T10:41:40.623-07:00Rising Tide Has A Facebook Page!!!Rising Tide has caught up to the times and, thanks to Huntley, finally has a facebook page. We're only a week old so there's not a lot on there, but it'll fill up fast. It's a great way to keep up with all the things going on at Rising Tide facilities that may or may not make it on the blog. There will also be a link posted on the facebook page every time something <i>is</i> posted on the blog. Below is the link to the page, check it out and pass it on to your friends.<br />
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Facebook page: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Rising-Tide-Conservation/850675348332972" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/pages/Rising-Tide-Conservation/850675348332972</a><br />
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Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-7310497382160165062015-04-09T11:33:00.001-07:002015-04-09T11:38:11.566-07:00Breaking The Internet: Check Out Our Wrasses! (safe for work)<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">As mentioned
in our previous post, six adult melanurus wrasses (3 male, 3 female) were moved
to the Tropical Aquaculture Lab back in February. After settling into their new environment and
being offered a conditioning diet of LRS Reef Frenzy, PE mysis shrimp and
Otohime EP1 pellets, the wrasses have quickly got back into their routine of
spawning nearly every night. While we
continue to work through some kinks in production, we wanted to share some of
our excitement with our latest group of captive bred melanurus wrasses. </span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/D6pC0Q7KayE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/D6pC0Q7KayE?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Video 1:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Melanurus wrasse broodstock spawning at
dusk.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Notice in slow motion all three
males can be seen making an attempt at fertilizing the female’s eggs.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7hwocchWszZxIn0dBO3CJSapt5ZPJorZnIspyXWu1Mmfqp23YFu2MIliylfPuNSRkiMXg1fy8n1l_7y4msd49EwxHWqOz-9CzfLUeHauJNjBeSncXLDgoXVvXvjb9sou60qNcMpLZvLfN/s1600/melanurus+10dph+dark+and+light.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7hwocchWszZxIn0dBO3CJSapt5ZPJorZnIspyXWu1Mmfqp23YFu2MIliylfPuNSRkiMXg1fy8n1l_7y4msd49EwxHWqOz-9CzfLUeHauJNjBeSncXLDgoXVvXvjb9sou60qNcMpLZvLfN/s1600/melanurus+10dph+dark+and+light.jpg" height="322" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. 10 dph melanurus wrasse larva.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. 14 dph melanurus wrasse larva. </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 3. 36 dph melanurus wrasse juveniles.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Video 2: Melanurus wrasse juveniles, 36dph.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The Rising Tide Team at the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-18112846676511695982015-04-02T08:36:00.001-07:002015-04-02T08:36:37.940-07:00Huntley Penniman Joins Rising Tide<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSPeT2NK-QfarMXadsB6X1XnHLQsI8wmmuNsb63HmxAfF4mDcBbpjunH8_5kYiikpJ3-cN9rmMqf3m5fHocYnHaopGfF6DpuNQmTtHdN2uaiUVoZc1Cgb2m8pUXMju1gNs8q_j2VXYXKzq/s1600/Dog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSPeT2NK-QfarMXadsB6X1XnHLQsI8wmmuNsb63HmxAfF4mDcBbpjunH8_5kYiikpJ3-cN9rmMqf3m5fHocYnHaopGfF6DpuNQmTtHdN2uaiUVoZc1Cgb2m8pUXMju1gNs8q_j2VXYXKzq/s1600/Dog.jpg" height="640" width="428" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">A student at Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, I’m currently working through a Masters program in
Marine Biodiversity and Conservation. I
graduated from Boston College in 2008 with a Bachelor of Science in Biology,
and shortly thereafter, began working for the Navy Marine Mammal Program, where
I have been fortunate enough to work with an awesome group of California sea
lions and bottlenose dolphins. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">After graduation, I
hope to explore the realm of business and marketing within the marine
conservation community. There’s some incredible research being done, and I
would like to help bridge the gap between the science and the public. It’s a
steep learning curve, but my goal is to focus on market research and social
media for Rising Tide – so please stay tuned to like the up-and-coming Facebook
page, and follow us on Twitter and Instagram!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In my time away from studies, I enjoy continuing to work for the Navy Marine Mammal Program, hitting
the trails with our two horses, and working my way down an ever-increasing list
of must-reads. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">I look forward to
working with the Rising Tide Conservation team to help develop marketing material
and getting the word out about Rising Tide’s incredible work. Rising Tide is
accomplishing game-changing research, and I’m grateful for this amazing
opportunity! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Huntley Penniman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-42332311659729982702015-03-10T09:27:00.000-07:002015-03-10T12:22:18.708-07:00Pomacanthus Angelfish Update<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">One of our first Rising
Tide successes was harvesting eggs from Columbus Zoo and Aquarium (CZA),
shipping them to UF’s Tropical Aquaculture Lab, and successfully raising what
turned out to be semicircle angelfish.
We had samples from that first cohort DNA analyzed for
identification. We have since raised
multiple cohorts shipped to us from CZA; which has been well documented in
previous blog posts (late 2011-early 2012).
Ramon Villaverde at CZA has also raised multiple cohorts of angelfish in
house. When space got limited we
arranged for those juvenile angelfish to be sent to public aquariums which not
only had adequate space to house them, but also could effectively inform the
public about Rising Tide’s endeavors. We
were always curious what other Pomancanthus species (if any) may be spawning in
that exhibit. During that time CZA
housed two <i>Pomacanthus semicirculatus</i>, two <i>P. annularis</i>, one <i>P. asfur</i>, one <i>P. imperator</i>, two <i>P. maculosus</i>, and two <i>P. xanthometapon</i> in their Discovery Reef exhibit. We have kept some angelfish from those
previous spawns and although we definitely have some semicircle angelfish, we
also have angelfish displaying coloration not indicative of that species. Below you will find a series of photographs
of angelfish on display in public aquariums as well as some from our own facility. Tell us what you think?<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitdUukqUduK0KlMGN8KqbzbHYYpjcGM0ef5p0oyBMjPYOQbIY-2jzQk-WLLv8VpBCMEHoUlwePFoZtuG8LnVjAaVTVfq6ETvUAawshFJ5fBreBXJ_hjhkrTWS2V8MiDFNPxyV_1b6uKoK-/s1600/CZA+angelfish.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitdUukqUduK0KlMGN8KqbzbHYYpjcGM0ef5p0oyBMjPYOQbIY-2jzQk-WLLv8VpBCMEHoUlwePFoZtuG8LnVjAaVTVfq6ETvUAawshFJ5fBreBXJ_hjhkrTWS2V8MiDFNPxyV_1b6uKoK-/s1600/CZA+angelfish.jpg" height="344" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Angelfish (2-3 years old) on display at Columbus Zoo and Aquarium. Photo credit: Ramon Villaverde.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn8R1szsZ7NyUt-E3QuUgaViZ1KuGUxhyphenhyphenaQebn70X50vOVglCxHwc8_VtkLmHvyee-oTJWOfCvyKhwE5XVcaZXewXswk3z_ybPf8-iChVHzjzKrQeX5nFYQt6pCdE8NrbQIjxpkrw73vnQ/s1600/SWOR+angelfish+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn8R1szsZ7NyUt-E3QuUgaViZ1KuGUxhyphenhyphenaQebn70X50vOVglCxHwc8_VtkLmHvyee-oTJWOfCvyKhwE5XVcaZXewXswk3z_ybPf8-iChVHzjzKrQeX5nFYQt6pCdE8NrbQIjxpkrw73vnQ/s1600/SWOR+angelfish+1.jpg" height="454" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. Two angelfish (2-3 years old) on display at SeaWorld Orlando. Photo credit: Joe Moynihan.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX4VKtJoBaamBA0Oc5kn3vi1UAioXsUDJ5tRpRcrtexXvXlGXwKknw-c0G_TNfLeLeVCuscqmkLVCKXva2OghQq2SZa7poJIUwfukvq26Ws2q1zD5QzR78XQlugOObmibUMEUUHqQBewSN/s1600/SWOR+angelfish+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX4VKtJoBaamBA0Oc5kn3vi1UAioXsUDJ5tRpRcrtexXvXlGXwKknw-c0G_TNfLeLeVCuscqmkLVCKXva2OghQq2SZa7poJIUwfukvq26Ws2q1zD5QzR78XQlugOObmibUMEUUHqQBewSN/s1600/SWOR+angelfish+2.jpg" height="436" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 3. Angelfish (2-3 years old) on display at SeaWorld Orlando. Photo credit: Joe Moynihan.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-lANd0brYc9dCtfQAcFozkBCh8OwWIP_UQd5mIlRmuWpDkd3fiBWQla9728EI_wicxZCyiKtUjUuzGlBqY2M7NXqNLFrpwwkV6JwpIvsmtiF8C00HMunwWhAkX30VARqVglqybAzqOWTD/s1600/SWTX+angelfish+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-lANd0brYc9dCtfQAcFozkBCh8OwWIP_UQd5mIlRmuWpDkd3fiBWQla9728EI_wicxZCyiKtUjUuzGlBqY2M7NXqNLFrpwwkV6JwpIvsmtiF8C00HMunwWhAkX30VARqVglqybAzqOWTD/s1600/SWTX+angelfish+1.jpg" height="428" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 4. Angelfish (~2 years old) on display at SeaWorld San Antonio. Figure 4 and 5 are the same fish. Photo credit: Nick Ireland.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4JgQw5sXgmkKzRMGrORAyO3BtLXfis04QDG8_o0jDj4ml0BZEKLVBfdrCIOJ29ckwpzoR6rwahCbPQ9gTUdKOj3DEfvAHNFO68G-qSVSdzO4Yue4P7a4XJSf1582QBRTWSs1AJpfRWUux/s1600/SWTX+angelfish+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4JgQw5sXgmkKzRMGrORAyO3BtLXfis04QDG8_o0jDj4ml0BZEKLVBfdrCIOJ29ckwpzoR6rwahCbPQ9gTUdKOj3DEfvAHNFO68G-qSVSdzO4Yue4P7a4XJSf1582QBRTWSs1AJpfRWUux/s1600/SWTX+angelfish+2.jpg" height="514" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 5. Angelfish (~2 years old) on display at SeaWorld San Antonio. Figure 4 and 5 are the same fish. Photo credit: Nick Ireland.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkLGKX31nVjAewQ2lKdTFb32dB1CbqjCcL6bdCyUFURlUr4_jTF7a1Igem8b-w0DGDJcKZ-q5oC2BiY1NnaD0-pbB5bdxhcEdA0NLH6ETWKRZIU8cV6cqXwvLZidglyak6AdCwnk-XJ3aV/s1600/TAL+angelfish+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkLGKX31nVjAewQ2lKdTFb32dB1CbqjCcL6bdCyUFURlUr4_jTF7a1Igem8b-w0DGDJcKZ-q5oC2BiY1NnaD0-pbB5bdxhcEdA0NLH6ETWKRZIU8cV6cqXwvLZidglyak6AdCwnk-XJ3aV/s1600/TAL+angelfish+2.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 6. Angelfish (~1.5 years old) kept at UF's Tropical Aquaculture Lab. Photo credit: Kevin Barden.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmdTWGqRNbfOcwrCr6GWj8Nr-AT1kI0YtGfj0aiZE017JMro22EuZOhAm-8rgG3Axv6toKvCedjV2SefvIsoOOhX1peDwUqUNwgLMxnD6lbQgG61S1fYgBIFu1kf2KifX2WmAlnglHlR0j/s1600/TAL+angelfish+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmdTWGqRNbfOcwrCr6GWj8Nr-AT1kI0YtGfj0aiZE017JMro22EuZOhAm-8rgG3Axv6toKvCedjV2SefvIsoOOhX1peDwUqUNwgLMxnD6lbQgG61S1fYgBIFu1kf2KifX2WmAlnglHlR0j/s1600/TAL+angelfish+1.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 7. Angelfish (~3 years old) kept at UF's Tropical Aquaculture Lab. Photo credit: Kevin Barden.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<o:p></o:p>Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-50573652285035882282015-02-15T06:35:00.000-08:002015-02-18T09:14:56.030-08:00Early Success with a Halichoeres Wrasse!<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_dpl1KDQG3TYDJNZQlWlhmEErJU4I4Zsbr2sLSOVoQHW6-QDGrHoKuPZsCXsG-O53cJmig85IN5hiIx5issfbyaS_PXj_EAe6z-VSxGGfWs0Cza4PY8m-YryNKLS10KEUAXgQAy-gendn/s1600/image_131127_003.BMP" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_dpl1KDQG3TYDJNZQlWlhmEErJU4I4Zsbr2sLSOVoQHW6-QDGrHoKuPZsCXsG-O53cJmig85IN5hiIx5issfbyaS_PXj_EAe6z-VSxGGfWs0Cza4PY8m-YryNKLS10KEUAXgQAy-gendn/s1600/image_131127_003.BMP" height="241" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. <i>Halichoeres melanurus</i> egg on a 1 mm Sedgewick<br />
Rafter cell. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Here at the
Tropical Aquaculture Lab we’re very fortunate to have the opportunity to work
in a field we’re truly passionate about.
That passion inspires me to not only work on captive breeding of marine
species here at work, but to also explore other fish by working from home. I’m pleased to announce that the first
project I’ve taken on as an at-home aquaculturist resulted in the successful
captive rearing of the melanurus wrasse, <i>Halichoeres
melanurus, </i>using only cultured prey items<i>.</i> Although only a few fish
were brought through metamorphosis, survival should be higher when larvae are
raised in the controlled environment of a dedicated facility as opposed to the
chaos of a household living room. I strongly
believe this fish, and others in this genus, will have significant commercial
potential. We now have broodstock at the
Tropical Aquaculture Lab because of this early success. The work done so far will stand as strong
supportive evidence to move forward with other wrasses as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifIf0X7-38IYMhSW0ANQM6MmMFjQbUQD9QP4meigZc4BYyyTnk7O8EfhaYmYJyWkc0YdFM4lQe3Li2DFQO_1Tl6qsxiXVauAAlV9Wvhnc_r3AdvXbs_hnEI-6v17ENrIzYuvU5GxFlpYnY/s1600/image_131130_002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifIf0X7-38IYMhSW0ANQM6MmMFjQbUQD9QP4meigZc4BYyyTnk7O8EfhaYmYJyWkc0YdFM4lQe3Li2DFQO_1Tl6qsxiXVauAAlV9Wvhnc_r3AdvXbs_hnEI-6v17ENrIzYuvU5GxFlpYnY/s1600/image_131130_002.jpg" height="143" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. First feeding (~3 days post hatch) <i>Halichoeres <br />melanurus</i> larva on a 1 mm Sedgewick Rafter cell.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">This species
is a protogynous hermaphrodite, meaning fish transition from females to males
as they mature based on social structure.
Females can be identified by the presence of the third black spot at the
front of the dorsal fin. The first step
these fish make in transitioning from female to male is the loss of that
particular spot, so this acts as a great way to identify females. Females can get along fine in groups, however
males will compete for territory and only the largest terminal phase male will
survive. Spawning these fish in small
harems of one terminal phase male with three to four females seemed to work
well for me. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">One to two
hours before the tank lights turned off the male would rise to the highest point
of structure in the tank and begin a vibrant display for the females followed
by continuous chasing. The male would
then find an accepting female and the pair would spawn hundreds up to several
thousand pelagic eggs into the water column.
The eggs were about 660µm in diameter. Despite this small size, larvae
hatch out relatively large (~2.5mm) but with a very small mouth gape (~125µm). Larvae were reared in a static 5 gallon
aquarium and were ready to feed at 3dph (days post hatch). At that point, the rearing water was darkened
with T-ISO and larvae were fed <i>Parvocalanus crassirostris</i> nauplii at 1-2 nauplii/mL. Lights were on continuously until larvae were
12dph and over the next 8 days lights were transitioned down to a 14 hour light:
10 hour dark schedule. Varying size
fractions of copepod nauplii were maintained in the tank throughout the rearing
process and at 14dph Otohime A micro diet (75-250µm size) began being fed to larvae. Larvae reached flexion by 15dph (see video) and were
settled juveniles by 22dph. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxMa0__G5u7r2M8njSmjcHaLKxUUR6IMgNFrsTUFRhjVRlwLqhLIeju2W0n9BfBu79eSIYQ81TZXKCrfrJ6' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">With work on this species now being conducted here at the Tropical
Aquaculture Laboratory, we look forward to bringing more information on
optimized rearing protocols for this species in the near future.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">A slightly better quality video can be found by following this link: </span><a href="http://youtu.be/oGuXR2t7lNI" target="_blank">http://youtu.be/oGuXR2t7lNI</a><br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Kevin Barden<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The Rising Tide Team at the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory</span></div>
<br />Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-47164885840352129042015-01-19T09:47:00.000-08:002015-01-19T09:47:39.818-08:00Commercially Available Porkfish<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinMD4Y0eNXK8q5-qD26qLBDSWi3SNizdEEzBnhK329EzxiSJ9YzGjkGHtuswFLIX7KyP4ER0dEohiK0olWDm8a1gMq8ETz_2vibuNiz-ZtzTGuLm4Xhq74kwYE5MuD10ZvmbLXSs7WnqAV/s1600/RisingTide1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinMD4Y0eNXK8q5-qD26qLBDSWi3SNizdEEzBnhK329EzxiSJ9YzGjkGHtuswFLIX7KyP4ER0dEohiK0olWDm8a1gMq8ETz_2vibuNiz-ZtzTGuLm4Xhq74kwYE5MuD10ZvmbLXSs7WnqAV/s1600/RisingTide1.jpg" height="288" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Captive bred Porkfish juvenile available from<br />FishEye Aquaculture.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Three years
ago we posted a blog stating the commercial production potential of Porkfish, </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Anisotremis virginicus</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> (Porkfish
Protocol – Rising Tide’s First Commercial Species).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">As you’ll recall, researchers at the Tropical
Aquaculture Laboratory collected eggs spawned at SeaWorld Orlando and grew them
to the juvenile phase and beyond.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">This
was not the first time that Porkfish had been grown in captivity (again credit
goes to Martin Moe and company).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">It was,
however, the first time that Porkfish had been grown from eggs spawned in
captivity using standard commercial production protocols; including the use of
hatchery grown live feeds (rotifers and </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Artemia</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">This proved inspiring to one of Rising Tide’s
industry partners who decided to add this fish to their list of available
species.</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_IwguEAHHH3uacWk___HEt_5gucdsmwOBA3wBvlHa30iF7n9FsehHeO_u-6h9lVwC4Pa6Vu_MwE7lGy3wb6SDxqB6J7lAKdAzhIX00DNc8pnylqSKjtXNFMLk04LVkOl54umxcVtvWXA/s1600/RisingTide2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio_IwguEAHHH3uacWk___HEt_5gucdsmwOBA3wBvlHa30iF7n9FsehHeO_u-6h9lVwC4Pa6Vu_MwE7lGy3wb6SDxqB6J7lAKdAzhIX00DNc8pnylqSKjtXNFMLk04LVkOl54umxcVtvWXA/s1600/RisingTide2.jpg" height="258" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. Captive bred Porkfish juveniles available from<br />FishEye Aquaculture.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jonathan
Foster of FishEye Aquaculture is making available for the first time
aquacultured Porkfish based on the information provided to him via Rising
Tide. Shortly after that Rising Tide
success, Jonathan acquired Porkfish broodstock (each around 12-15” in length
and weighing up to 2 lbs) in the hopes of spawning them. For the past three years he has been
conditioning them and waiting….and waiting….and waiting. He confided in us that they may, indeed, need
a public aquarium sized tank to spawn.
If you’ve been to a public aquarium then you’ll know that those tanks
are quite large and not realistic for his facility. Then, as he describes it “late one evening,
while checking on our breeders, I noticed quite a bit of commotion and
splashing coming from their tank…they were spawning! And here we are today, collecting eggs
frequently, and raising Porkfish!”. This
marks the first time that this species has been conditioned, spawned, eggs
hatched and larvae grown all in one facility; increasing the number of pelagic
spawning species available from FishEye Aquaculture to four. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">This is a
great example of the goal put forth by Rising Tide; making all marine
ornamental fish species an aquaculture reality.
It’s also a great example of what can be accomplished given time, perseverance,
and collaboration. Our hats are off to
you Jonathan for believing in Rising Tide and those that wish to move
forward. One day it’ll be captive bred
tangs coming out of your facility…that’s our goal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The Rising
Tide team at the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-39594760529646978882014-11-17T10:42:00.001-08:002014-11-17T10:42:34.711-08:00UF / IRREC's New Graduate Students<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2mxiPuITVUcq_K3J4YxBp4JbGDrmPw2YUZlOHmNrf5lFASUeTTWLicMjxyrQ43OMr6g7cqTU7769kVfvc21rOHjg4pRwf-1A0HTXuXWtuO1iwxqB_rk6ci4hpbcn9yLGF0YEs2rmVzFa/s1600/isaac+lee+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq2mxiPuITVUcq_K3J4YxBp4JbGDrmPw2YUZlOHmNrf5lFASUeTTWLicMjxyrQ43OMr6g7cqTU7769kVfvc21rOHjg4pRwf-1A0HTXuXWtuO1iwxqB_rk6ci4hpbcn9yLGF0YEs2rmVzFa/s1600/isaac+lee+2.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Graduate Student Isaac Lee.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">I
would like to introduce my two new M.S. students who will be working with
Rising Tide. The first is Isaac Lee who
started his first semester this fall and is working towards his Master’s degree
at the University of Florida’s Indian River Research and Education Center
(IRREC). Isaac received his B.A. degree
in Biology from Colgate University in 2013. He has had a passion for marine aquaria for
years and over the past year he worked at the Long Island Aquarium in
Riverhead. He learned about aquaculture
of marine ornamentals and how to culture live food organisms. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlBFougAEhLGn5Ifyku4RC2YlP0XTw5ADUeSxraMVjuH3h_40_yImfRTu7gSiTPlPcc8V4WLZkYrt3LI5Hm37h9VNbCe_NSFFePrU0b102MyZwPheGzvaoLiHZv6ZoTUCx-p30-paLyAs6/s1600/Carter+Cyr+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlBFougAEhLGn5Ifyku4RC2YlP0XTw5ADUeSxraMVjuH3h_40_yImfRTu7gSiTPlPcc8V4WLZkYrt3LI5Hm37h9VNbCe_NSFFePrU0b102MyZwPheGzvaoLiHZv6ZoTUCx-p30-paLyAs6/s1600/Carter+Cyr+2.JPG" height="320" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. Graduate Student Carter Cyr.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
second is Carter Cyr who also just started this fall and is working towards his
Master’s degree at IRREC. He received
his B.S. degree in 2013 from Roger Williams University in Rhode Island where he
majored in Marine Biology and worked as a research assistant working with
marine ornamentals and live feeds. He grew
up in Southern Maine and has had a strong attachment to the aquarium hobby for
as long as he can recall. Over the past
four years he developed a strong passion for aquaculture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">While
they are at UF, they will focus their research efforts on culturing various marine
ornamental fish species including broodstock reproduction, and defining optimal
culture parameters and feeding regimes for all stages of development to produce
market sized fish. Additionally, AZA
public aquaria around the U.S. will be shipping collected eggs from their
exhibit tanks so we can also define optimal feeding and culture
parameters. Results will be shared with
researchers and private producers to expand production of marine ornamental
fishes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">We
would like to thank Rising Tide for funding both of these graduate student
positions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Thank
you, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Cortney
Ohs, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Associate
Professor – Aquaculture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">University
of Florida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u>New students contact information:</u></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><u><br /></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">University of Florida</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Indian River Research and Education Center</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">2199 South Rock Road</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Fort Pierce, FL 34945</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">772-468-3922 ext. 135</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">email: ilee0913@ufl.edu</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">email: ccyr399@ufl.edu</span></span></div>
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Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-30388059461650911732014-10-06T13:17:00.000-07:002014-10-06T13:17:03.925-07:00Larval Rearing of the Purple Masked Angelfish (Paracentropyge venusta) Using Only Cultured Food<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWIkza1ve7vkovuYantl-XKfQEOnfJvrr1fYtCnbI5kBwVHwcT2rLqBwLXnwi4_k1sBs5W8JXCd1qQD4021N9KJUUH4E8jRY-nwjfCZ4e5TPZpdipprG-P1DuB0AldDwZJWBXlqPsRscnV/s1600/P.+venusta+72414+day+25+right+side+prehistoric.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWIkza1ve7vkovuYantl-XKfQEOnfJvrr1fYtCnbI5kBwVHwcT2rLqBwLXnwi4_k1sBs5W8JXCd1qQD4021N9KJUUH4E8jRY-nwjfCZ4e5TPZpdipprG-P1DuB0AldDwZJWBXlqPsRscnV/s1600/P.+venusta+72414+day+25+right+side+prehistoric.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. 25 day post hatch Purple Masked Angelfish larva.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Over
the past year while working on our Rising Tide project, the larval rearing work
has focused on the Purple Masked Angelfish <i>Paracentropyge
venusta</i>. We had success on our fifth rearing trial in getting the larvae to
the juvenile stage. That larval trial started in November of 2013 and the
success was most likely brought about through the use of wild plankton
collected from Kaneohe Bay. Plankton was collected almost daily in an effort to
provide the larval fish with the necessary nutrients to get them through the
larval phases, past metamorphosis and into the juvenile stage. Although we were
happy with this accomplishment it meant that larval rearing of this species
might be dependent and only possible in areas near a source of wild plankton.
In an effort to make larval rearing successful in any location our next step was
to try and rear the <i>P. venusta</i> using
only cultured food items. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9h_KE5u3MRzVbtpMPZw8QK9YJwnuzYhXddssAaMgHga4LHQrGfu8ahd15Y_P__W3H8LX5J-5gR-bTlxyOWfOeZSZfTdKH79wnDBRRRcB0P_h-ZDR0G5tNj-vtBndgd8oQzwqhEFRxaSvH/s1600/P.+venusta+day+44+81214+1.6cm+TL+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9h_KE5u3MRzVbtpMPZw8QK9YJwnuzYhXddssAaMgHga4LHQrGfu8ahd15Y_P__W3H8LX5J-5gR-bTlxyOWfOeZSZfTdKH79wnDBRRRcB0P_h-ZDR0G5tNj-vtBndgd8oQzwqhEFRxaSvH/s1600/P.+venusta+day+44+81214+1.6cm+TL+.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. 44 day post hatch Purple Masked Angelfish larva.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">On
our third try while using only cultured foods for the <i>P. venusta</i> larvae we had success again to the juvenile stage. This
larval run, “Trial 8” started on June 28, 2014 and the juveniles are currently
just over three months old wearing their beautiful yellow and blue colors and
are fully transitioned onto frozen and flake foods. The food items used for this trial were the
calanoid copepod, <i>Parvocalanus
crassirostris, </i>the rotifer<i>, Brachionus
plicatilis, </i>and the<i> </i>brine shrimp<i> Artemia salina. </i>We were pleasantly
surprised that this larval run was on a faster track as compared with our
successful wild plankton fed larval run which was quite long. The temperature
of this run averaged 26C whereas out trial 5 temperature averaged 25C and this
of course could be the reason for faster larval development. We also had a
better percent survival with Trial 8 showing 20% survival at day 40 compared to
trial 5 at 8.5% survival at day 40. The larvae in Trial 8 were able to capture
larger prey starting at day 12 while the larvae in Trial 5 were closer to day
30 when they were able to catch larger prey. The transition to non living foods
for the fish in trial 5 took place at 137 days old, which is more than six
weeks longer than the fish in trial 8! So not only is it possible to rear these
angelfish on only cultured foods, they actually did better on it in terms of
survival and development through the larval phase.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">October
brings to an end the year I had working as part of the Rising Tide team. As I
conclude this year I hope that those of you out there who are interested in the
captive rearing of marine fish will continue on with what we have learned here.
I feel that the small scale breeder can make a significant difference in the
numbers and species of fish raised in captivity and I encourage you all to
continue on with your efforts. I truly appreciate having been involved in a
Rising Tide project and I’m extremely grateful to Rising Tide Conservation for
giving me the opportunity to focus solely on marine ornamentals this past year.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Mahalo!
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Karen</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p>Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-77487847440396948512014-09-22T13:09:00.000-07:002014-09-22T13:09:37.243-07:00Matthew DiMaggio joins TAL; PhD Posting<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6c7pz2GQp4At5JBBTyTch7kzO6vfh5v6ocLBiUaVNVZ9VocEdODHyPrZiFCAgoewQhvmBNvRJ2lsoKgNwodJunAikWwKASy_GHIifhmol9xLXZ1KxJtDvqqUNwHD-uonyDOvrN1GkCoZG/s1600/Matt+D's%2Bprofile%2Bpic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6c7pz2GQp4At5JBBTyTch7kzO6vfh5v6ocLBiUaVNVZ9VocEdODHyPrZiFCAgoewQhvmBNvRJ2lsoKgNwodJunAikWwKASy_GHIifhmol9xLXZ1KxJtDvqqUNwHD-uonyDOvrN1GkCoZG/s1600/Matt+D's%2Bprofile%2Bpic.jpg" height="320" width="305" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure. Dr. Matthew DiMaggio joins TAL and Rising Tide.</td></tr>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Matt DiMaggio joined the University of Florida’s Tropical
Aquaculture Laboratory in 2014 as an assistant professor. His research program focuses on the culture of
ornamental fish species in Florida and he works closely with the local industry
to identify opportunities for optimization and innovation. Dr. DiMaggio has a
broad foundation in the field of aquaculture, having conducted research with
both marine and freshwater species produced for food, bait, and ornamental
purposes. His previous investigations have focused on a myriad of applied
culture aspects including live feed production, larval rearing, and induced spawning.
Additionally, elucidation of basic physiological responses within a species can
provide an opportunity for intervention or manipulation to achieve desired
outcomes in a production setting. Consequently, reproductive endocrinology,
stress physiology, and osmoregulation, are areas of particular interest to him
due to their importance for the successful propagation of fishes in captivity.
Matt is very excited to contribute to the ongoing research efforts of Rising
Tide and he believes that the open dialogue fostered through this collaboration
will help to accelerate the commercialization of many of these challenging
marine species. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Dr. DiMaggio is currently accepting applications for a four year
PhD research assistantship investigating production methods for ornamental fish
species in Florida. Please follow the link below for further information <a href="http://sfrc.ufl.edu/?p=9997"><span style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">http://sfrc.ufl.edu/?p=9997</span></a> .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">The Rising Tide team at the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-10768533735109424512014-09-09T09:51:00.000-07:002014-09-10T13:35:13.064-07:00Rising Tide at MACNA 2014<div class="MsoNormal">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH6_S85gxJWp8uaGk2-bSMNRVJtk8HHncwNaiq9zlx0AL79IQtZ97zBqmNv2NsfmEd9TcFyR7_viYS3Lyd5Cy2OHISmZ0m5xe792eR9BYhDxCPrGWSaYLUcH1sudZ4I9KiliC2tBUpm_Mc/s1600/macna1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH6_S85gxJWp8uaGk2-bSMNRVJtk8HHncwNaiq9zlx0AL79IQtZ97zBqmNv2NsfmEd9TcFyR7_viYS3Lyd5Cy2OHISmZ0m5xe792eR9BYhDxCPrGWSaYLUcH1sudZ4I9KiliC2tBUpm_Mc/s1600/macna1.jpg" height="476" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure. Samantha Groene in the Rising Tide booth at MACNA 2014.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Hello Everyone!</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">My name is Samantha Groene, and I
am a biological technician at UF-TAL. I’ve been with the lab for almost two
years, but this is my first official introduction on the Rising Tide Conservation
blog. This past week, some of you might have seen me in Denver. The annual
Marine Aquarium Conference of North America (MACNA) took place in Denver,
Colorado this year, and I had the privilege of representing Rising Tide at the
conference!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">This year's MACNA was quite the
experience! I met so many wonderful people, made a lot of new contacts, and had
an overall great time. MACNA is a great opportunity for Rising Tide to be able
to communicate the importance of aquaculture to hobbyists and help foster a
better future for the critters that we all love. It was very rewarding raising
awareness for Rising Tide -- meeting hobbyists, vendors, and exhibitors and
sharing with them a cause that is so important for our hobby and our reefs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">I brought with me to MACNA some
of our F1 semicircle angelfish to put on display at the Rising Tide booth and
at the Boyd Enterprises booth. These fish were some of the stars of the show,
and later were raffled off (along with a complete aquarium set-up and other
livestock/drygood goodies) to two lucky winners. Of course, there were a lot of
other highlights at MACNA. I am sure many of you have heard, but the
announcement at MACNA of Karen Brittain’s success rearing the Masked Angelfish
(<em><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Genicanthus personatus</span></em>)
pretty much stole the spotlight at this year’s conference. However, I will
leave it to Karen to apprise you all of the juicy details of that larviculture
endeavor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">I would like to thank the
wonderful sponsors and people who helped make Rising Tide's presence at MACNA
possible and made the event such a success. Specifically, I would like to thank
the SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, Boyd Enterprises, the
Denver MACNA Committee, and everyone that donated items for the aquariums that
we raffled off at MACNA (thank you JBJ, Martin Moe, and A & M
Aquaculture!). I really appreciate all of your support and generosity! All of
you helped to make MACNA awesome, and I am very grateful for the opportunity
that I was given to serve as the Rising Tide Ambassador at this year’s
conference. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">I am very happy to have a job
where I feel like I make a difference in this world for the better, and it was
a great pleasure being able to share my work with MACNA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Until next time!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">~Samantha</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-50830183609094886472014-08-20T10:20:00.000-07:002014-08-20T10:20:56.373-07:00Rising Tide Intern Joe Frith
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilo_UxjngttO5vMRki0LsHS44jCgEgBDDlkadjsmDoHdAi-G0tQhaM6OuVDUN3zUg5W_LRj89Kt6RMYVFlVSVXz2GUH9ko_SttCvVCWcme0kgVl04kohC9bp50hyphenhyphenaY6okLYpqH8-AgZ4q8/s1600/Joe's%2Bblog%2Bpic.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilo_UxjngttO5vMRki0LsHS44jCgEgBDDlkadjsmDoHdAi-G0tQhaM6OuVDUN3zUg5W_LRj89Kt6RMYVFlVSVXz2GUH9ko_SttCvVCWcme0kgVl04kohC9bp50hyphenhyphenaY6okLYpqH8-AgZ4q8/s1600/Joe's%2Bblog%2Bpic.png" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
Hello Everybody! My name is Joe Frith and
I have been interning here at the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory in Ruskin, FL
for the past 2 months. I would first like to say “thank you” to Dr. Judy St.
Leger, Eric, Kevin, Roy, Craig, Jon and the rest of the staff here at the Lab
for giving me this opportunity and making this a meaningful experience. I’m
currently an undergraduate at the University of Missouri-Columbia completing my
degree in Fisheries and Wildlife with a minor in Biology. As a child growing up
in the woods of Missouri I was always very intrigued by the natural world and
usually had several different aquariums spread throughout my house at any one
time. My interest in the aquatic world slowly evolved from freshwater aquariums
to saltwater aquariums to eventually trying my hand at breeding the Bluestripe
pipefish (<span class="prodscientificname"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Doryrhamphus
excisus</i>)</span>, which I had help with from Matt Pederson and the other
members at MarineBreeders.org. It was back in February of this year, after reading
posts on the Rising Tide blog that I decided to contact Dr. St. Leger about
possible internships they may be awarding for the summer. I received an email
shortly after and we soon started laying the groundwork for me to become an
intern at TAL. What was once a dream was now a reality.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Over the course of this summer I have helped the Rising
Tide team with a number of different projects ranging from Pacific blue tang and
emperor angelfish spawning to water quality refinement in an attempt to
increase spawning and overall health of all brood fish. Specifically I
constructed an algae scrubbing device, complete with mangroves, which has made
a significant impact on lower the nitrate levels in the fish growout system (the details of which will be discussed in a future blog). In
addition I have learned a lot about the whole marine fish larval rearing
process including egg collection, egg counting, stocking and density, and
important first food items such as copepod nauplii and rotifers. And if I
wasn’t working on any one of these projects I was traveling alongside Dr. Roy
Yanong to one of the many aquaculture farms here in the Ruskin area. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">This
experience has opened my eyes even further to the wonderful world of
aquaculture and I can’t think of any other way I would’ve rather spent my
summer. With all of the knowledge and insight I have gained in the past couple
of months I hope to continue on in this field and hopefully make some great discoveries.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Another big thanks to
the Rising Tide team for such an awesome experience!<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Best Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Joe Frith<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-62228737594962902222014-07-28T15:00:00.000-07:002014-07-29T04:48:18.476-07:00Golden Trevally<div style="text-align: right;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisxepRxVAOonb6uyELTfp53du65_v_CG1wwoU9scJ5Kk5qBXJZoDd20rSzmgUBLP97i-PkVy4zYEk_16TD809-MHXw_ugw8xZvmDNzS7RcFuraCXxfN6Hh8f-EZQqTG0lpp3Ic6Ia8VAG2/s1600/Trevally+eggs+with+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisxepRxVAOonb6uyELTfp53du65_v_CG1wwoU9scJ5Kk5qBXJZoDd20rSzmgUBLP97i-PkVy4zYEk_16TD809-MHXw_ugw8xZvmDNzS7RcFuraCXxfN6Hh8f-EZQqTG0lpp3Ic6Ia8VAG2/s1600/Trevally+eggs+with+copy.png" height="320" width="279" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Golden trevally eggs near hatching.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">We were excited to
receive 20 mature golden trevally from SeaWorld Orlando nearly a year ago. We
distributed 10 fish each into two large recirculating systems. We expected to
have fish spawning within a couple weeks, but after nearly a month of no spawning
activity we concluded the fish were likely regressing due to transport and
handling stresses. We decided to forgo any more spawning procedures until earlier
this year, once the fish had become better acclimated to their new setting and
temperatures were in the range reported for spawning. This paid off in
mid-April after daily ambient temperatures were averaging close to 26°C and conditioned
females were verified through cannulation. We administered spawning hormones to
all 10 fish within that tank and obtained three spawns occurring 48, 72, and 96
hours after hormone administration. The first spawn contained mostly sinking
(unfertilized) eggs but the next two spawns each contained a majority of neutrally
buoyant eggs (~0.7 mm diameter). Hatching occurred quickly (~18 hours) with roughly
60,000 larvae hatched from the second spawn and 36,000 from the third spawn. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEham5Yg2_7Bruv2_AjqHuDvaAncGE9BRXcmuiGG_CYHRQk1CwepvjW6nIjZA_9N8wka6NaheRW1XERTlRiZ7wsiwDbFJ1aHy8EiKDWIr_odBvOubAOoa6KTDnOhhtG9aHXnf2hs5S1m-Ieu/s1600/Trevally+14+dph+with+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEham5Yg2_7Bruv2_AjqHuDvaAncGE9BRXcmuiGG_CYHRQk1CwepvjW6nIjZA_9N8wka6NaheRW1XERTlRiZ7wsiwDbFJ1aHy8EiKDWIr_odBvOubAOoa6KTDnOhhtG9aHXnf2hs5S1m-Ieu/s1600/Trevally+14+dph+with+copy.png" height="262" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. 14 days post hatch golden trevally larva.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Larvae were stocked into
multiple 104 L tanks supplied with flow-through seawater to exchange a minimum
of two tank volumes of water daily. Larvae from the second spawn were stocked
into three tanks at nearly 15,000 larvae/tank and larvae from the third spawn were
stocked into two tanks at a density near 18,000 larvae/tank. Development was
rapid and larvae had fully functioning mouthparts within two days post hatch
(dph). We fed the larvae enriched (Ori-Green) rotifers at 10-15 rotifers/mL
daily until 25 dph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also fed the
larvae copepod nauplii (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Parvocalanus</i>
sp.) at 2 naups/mL daily until 10 dph. By 11 dph, most larvae were able to feed
on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Artemia</i> nauplii and were fed them
at 4 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Artemia</i>/mL. We used green water
techniques by inoculating larval tanks with live T-ISO (~100,000 cells/mL) up
to 25 dph. We began weaning the fish onto a dry diet (Otohime B1-B2) around 15
dph, and after 30 dph fish were feeding solely on the dry diet. During these
trials, swim bladder inflation began at 5 dph, fin ray branching at 9 dph, and
flexion at 14 dph. The typical black bar pattern and gold coloration could be
seen developing as early as 20 dph with all larvae having reached metamorphosis
by 30 dph. We observed a mean survival to metamorphosis around 6.5% and
obtained over 3,200 juveniles. We restocked them into recirculating systems and
raised them for a couple more weeks before they were shipped off to SeaWorld at
45-46 dph around 3.8 cm fork length and 0.94 g.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxIrLyCcU75Z6Ast3lX1_oiPlHO48-HBrYFA8W8ZeYp5t7V3gpz3dXgmO4oJ2fIkN7m396QT4LThsPzIX5C6-6BTl2iABzWQhTAz-2PFpAY8kMmTmplkASnqb1wzAapmiwLwwTvRidLAzK/s1600/Trevally+30+dph+with+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxIrLyCcU75Z6Ast3lX1_oiPlHO48-HBrYFA8W8ZeYp5t7V3gpz3dXgmO4oJ2fIkN7m396QT4LThsPzIX5C6-6BTl2iABzWQhTAz-2PFpAY8kMmTmplkASnqb1wzAapmiwLwwTvRidLAzK/s1600/Trevally+30+dph+with+copy.png" height="123" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 3. 30 days post hatch golden trevally larva beginning<br />
to display black bars.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: right;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">On multiple occasions we’ve
administered hormones to both tanks of brood fish and have observed spawning to
occur 48-96 hours after administration every time. The quality of spawns has
been somewhat variable. We believe golden trevally commercial scale culture to
be highly feasible and could be further improved by defining larval culture
requirements and optimizing brood fish spawning procedures. We look forward to
receiving new species to work with and hope to overcome any difficulties that
might inhibit their aquaculture potential.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH2LQw1u_K8zZpxaQPdsgxkcSRPQ7lpYXIveYPuZD5rJ68IdfFQYOBgii4YZNXl7_ss3i4aNPhXLsZZxK9sKeddWqUnj1w0X_UW7-qwSsvQbI96aQoLp6ri-qOvHoMm58fqYORW33uamhq/s1600/Trevally+45+dph+with+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH2LQw1u_K8zZpxaQPdsgxkcSRPQ7lpYXIveYPuZD5rJ68IdfFQYOBgii4YZNXl7_ss3i4aNPhXLsZZxK9sKeddWqUnj1w0X_UW7-qwSsvQbI96aQoLp6ri-qOvHoMm58fqYORW33uamhq/s1600/Trevally+45+dph+with+copy.png" height="154" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 4. 45 days post hatch golden trevally juveniles.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Aquaculture lab at the
University of Florida Indian River Research and Education Center in Fort
Pierce, FL (Dr. Cortney Ohs, Dr. Jason Broach, Bryan Danson, Dan Elefante,
Scott Grabe, Andrew Palau, and Audrey Beany)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-13802448777145543782014-07-22T08:28:00.001-07:002014-07-22T08:28:17.533-07:00Rising Tide expands in Florida
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The University of
Florida’s Indian River Research and Education Center (IRREC) is the latest
research facility to join our growing Rising Tide family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Cortney Ohs heads up the Aquaculture
Research and Demonstration Facility at IRREC and has made leaps and bounds in
the realms of marine baitfish, marine live feeds, and brood nutrition research
since joining UF in 2005.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His expertise
and expansive facility will greatly enhance the progress desired in the world
of marine ornamental fish research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpULsES8RpbauQ08GYrRUHeJq-XO_k3XkkHhgPYDsk_UA8eiKLTHpW8HVaKFuZ56OjYg_Hve864AHfrOJMmNLFlhFv18MNgawdPEDOSYgTpEIlv2HKv3u9m0nvWzkQ9YxSdnk7ha8iM2Wn/s1600/Ohs+trevally.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpULsES8RpbauQ08GYrRUHeJq-XO_k3XkkHhgPYDsk_UA8eiKLTHpW8HVaKFuZ56OjYg_Hve864AHfrOJMmNLFlhFv18MNgawdPEDOSYgTpEIlv2HKv3u9m0nvWzkQ9YxSdnk7ha8iM2Wn/s1600/Ohs+trevally.jpg" height="297" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure. Golden Trevally grown at IRREC. Eggs were spawned from <br />
broodstock received from SeaWorld Orlando. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">About a year ago,
Cortney began his involvement with a shipment of golden trevally broodstock
from SeaWorld Orlando.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has since
raised 1000’s of them to the juvenile phase, the details of which will be presented
in a future blog post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More recently he
has acquired funding that will bring green chromis broodstock to his facility
so he and his team can begin to address the production protocols required to
make this heavily imported species an aquaculture reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TAL and IRREC will be working together closely
on this species as well as the Pacific blue tang.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cortney is currently working on getting Pacific
blue tang broodstock so we can double our research efforts and continue to
understand the parameters necessary to make this fish a captive bred species as
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, he will also be receiving
shipments of eggs from public aquariums, targeting specific species of interest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">I am personally excited
to have Cortney added to the expanding list of Rising Tide research facilities
as I obtained my master’s degree studying in his lab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Try not to hold that against him though, as
he did the best he could </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">J</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is truly an exciting time for Rising Tide
as it continues to grow and the separate teams continue to work together,
propelling the research forward.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Eric Cassiano and the
Rising Tide team at TAL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-51705497359900409532014-06-30T12:36:00.001-07:002014-06-30T12:37:42.983-07:00Emma Forbes update: Understanding Bacteria at OI <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; height: 195px; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right; width: 338px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhxb0ODrifLwYV82ouFRGtZl7_mHgNg34J_3WPv76Vw5gEkzjfPJ0I_LBMuv6MVksbAdA6x_q5GyDgv2v8J5eK-W_D0IBUz3JVVLU40EJZMS8-oaExF94NuDq8_xuQG2EAe-avi0MuO7hI/s1600/IMG_5059.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhxb0ODrifLwYV82ouFRGtZl7_mHgNg34J_3WPv76Vw5gEkzjfPJ0I_LBMuv6MVksbAdA6x_q5GyDgv2v8J5eK-W_D0IBUz3JVVLU40EJZMS8-oaExF94NuDq8_xuQG2EAe-avi0MuO7hI/s1600/IMG_5059.jpeg" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Culture of bacteria (<em>Pseudomona</em>s sp.??) on marine <br />
agar isolated from larval rearing tanks at OI.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Aloha
everyone!<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">It’s
been a while since my last post, but it’s been a busy few months. Though it's
the kind of busy you don't realize until you sit down and catch your breath. It’s
been a lot of fun spending my days in the lab working with everyone learning
new things. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 196px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left; width: 337px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr57CwcE4zOVxjrZJ_ssJzDD3BHtXjRr_KWwKee8Hm-D4Yc1WTn2kwstEG3ivT_9NTPdsP76kjnZd8Aky7VqPIu12UOusTmdyfVmErxi0gnLhh9b-FJ6CWk1DIsngYgIL_f6Ul9BOkOYSJ/s1600/IMG_1403.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr57CwcE4zOVxjrZJ_ssJzDD3BHtXjRr_KWwKee8Hm-D4Yc1WTn2kwstEG3ivT_9NTPdsP76kjnZd8Aky7VqPIu12UOusTmdyfVmErxi0gnLhh9b-FJ6CWk1DIsngYgIL_f6Ul9BOkOYSJ/s1600/IMG_1403.jpeg" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. Sample of <em>Parvocalanus</em> nauplii on TCBS agar that <br />
was fed to yellow tang larvae.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Since
we are still observing relatively high mortality just past first feeding, my
work at the Oceanic Institute is focused on bacterial population analysis and
application of probiotics to our yellow tang larval rearing tanks. The first
month of summer was spent looking at the growth of our live feeds with the
addition of probiotics, which appear to have no effect on their survival or
growth. This is great news for us! We’ve started to culture our copepods in
probiotic-enriched water for larval rearing trials starting July! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span> </div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9HntNnACc6kR35awet2yef84wqYFf5k9tg4C8uc0kpPssZoYycNMcmz71eJMA_dGNloHG4F-7IxJmS6fbGuogUL-qiXIIpyTO-Mefj2zOt2t3buOOjL3m4asEno6xe07P1JnqQWnuBKCr/s1600/IMG_0773.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9HntNnACc6kR35awet2yef84wqYFf5k9tg4C8uc0kpPssZoYycNMcmz71eJMA_dGNloHG4F-7IxJmS6fbGuogUL-qiXIIpyTO-Mefj2zOt2t3buOOjL3m4asEno6xe07P1JnqQWnuBKCr/s1600/IMG_0773.jpeg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 3. Gel electrophoresis of 12 different <br />
bacteria isolated from systems at OI.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">My
thesis is looking at the identification of bacteria in our culture environments
and live feeds and their impact on larval survival. Much of June has been spent
practicing different plating techniques, isolating different colonies and
running PCR. It’s been very exciting, as there are over 15 different colonies
that I’ve isolated and am now working to identify them. This will hopefully give
us insight into the bacterial communities in our rearing tanks and any possible
pathogenic bacteria that may be affecting yellow tang survival. <o:p></o:p></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">In
one of my first trials a bright pink bacteria was growing in the tanks. I was
able to sample it and isolate it on marine agar. Hopefully in a week or so I
will be able to sequence it and determine exactly what species is growing in
our hatchery! The unanimous hypothesis is that it’s a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pseudomonas</i> sp., so everyone is very excited to see if they are
right! Bets have been placed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">I’m
excited to continue larval rearing trials with the probiotics in July to see if
they help us increase survival past first feeding!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fingers crossed! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Emma
<o:p></o:p></span>
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Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-46682393590889570722014-06-23T11:05:00.000-07:002014-06-23T14:02:18.508-07:00One small step….Pacific Blue tang update<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRH1DAKMXQ4xqY6bE4aoepgtDt9ATQwFLtcq2feCTAxJ5Px1CcQ5ZwvRvXd7gXr-wFeO9jr5YGxzdQKlZbhlyQZZIwWuqtlKUvuwGZHJiRSim3qSrHmgcdhFnER3dZGAmjPztWPdcLb4U2/s1600/P.+hepatus+17dph+edit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRH1DAKMXQ4xqY6bE4aoepgtDt9ATQwFLtcq2feCTAxJ5Px1CcQ5ZwvRvXd7gXr-wFeO9jr5YGxzdQKlZbhlyQZZIwWuqtlKUvuwGZHJiRSim3qSrHmgcdhFnER3dZGAmjPztWPdcLb4U2/s1600/P.+hepatus+17dph+edit.jpg" height="342" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure. 17 day post hatch Pacific blue tang larva. Credit: Kevin Barden.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The newly revamped
larval rearing room has been up and running since early May.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In truth, there are still a few things we’d
like to add to the filtration system, but that hasn’t stopped us from stocking
eggs into the system as we get them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
of the first larval rearing attempts was performed with Pacific Blue
tangs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We got roughly 4000 eggs; which
we then stocked into a 210 liter tank (55 gallons).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This worked out to a density of roughly 20
eggs / liter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the first three days
the water flow entering the tank was 750 mL/min; which theoretically works out to
~5 tank turnovers per day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first
feeding the flow rate was increased to 2.75 L/min; which works out to ~20 tank
turnovers per day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was left at that
rate for the duration of the trial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
high water flow was inspired by Chad Callan’s recent success with yellow tang
larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also instituted a moderate
air flow with two air stones pumping ~250 mL/min each.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both created a significant amount of water
movement within and through the tank.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
larvae were also subjected to a photoperiod of 14 hours light and 10 hours dark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of the high water flow we fed the
larvae <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Parvocalanus</i> nauplii (<100
microns) at a density of 2/mL twice daily; which is all we had left over after
supplying Jon’s milletseed butterflyfish trials.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the water quality was not optimal as
ammonia and nitrite were detected in the system (albeit low values), the
performance of the larvae was greater than we have seen in previous attempts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Typically we would lose the majority of the
larvae by ~6 days post hatch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During
this trial the majority of the larvae made it through that bottleneck and
survived until ~10 days post hatch, with the last surviving to 20 days post hatch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the picture of a 17 day post hatch
larva (the last taken) you can see the beginnings of the hypural plates
forming which would preclude flexion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, we can’t say for sure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What we can say is that these results were
promising and hopefully in the not-too-distant future as the system becomes more
stabilized, the live feeds become more plentiful and nutritious (new microalgae
production system….which we’ll talk about later…), and the list of parameters
tested becomes smaller we will have more advances to talk about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But for now it’s just one small step
forward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The Rising Tide team at
the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-470063933092989532014-06-04T14:23:00.000-07:002014-06-04T14:23:38.443-07:00Something A Little Different...
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIp2tgOWSFFLWhceCU5X0aI2fkHKsddqpfcna4EOWzxB6Ha-XbSbv9Zvv4TvGzJFDyBTvAZgcp_86hcRkkIrxmDVpZ4TudUrFcUjkgTEdnQuIF7LpweeyiLdkmdErB5saTNiMg6-FE2LYf/s1600/photo+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIp2tgOWSFFLWhceCU5X0aI2fkHKsddqpfcna4EOWzxB6Ha-XbSbv9Zvv4TvGzJFDyBTvAZgcp_86hcRkkIrxmDVpZ4TudUrFcUjkgTEdnQuIF7LpweeyiLdkmdErB5saTNiMg6-FE2LYf/s1600/photo+1.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure1. The new larval rearing room at TAL; showing the <br />
120 Ltanks used to grow octopi in. We've also recently tested<br />
our fish species in them which we'll talk about next time. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">At the
Tropical Aquaculture Lab in Ruskin, we’ve been running into lots of bottlenecks
in the early larval development of some of the Rising Tide species we’ve been
working on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We believe these issues were
exacerbated due to our current larval rearing systems being inadequate to
provide the pristine water quality necessary for larvae to survive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of this, we’ve spent the past several
months upgrading our facilities, to what we believe will be an important step toward
significant advancements in captive raised marine ornamentals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1nsbQoY0ISVshN2L8-arSJc1aF9XpE4boMXh6UH4Eap8X3kL0v5ZWKzTsaXAd9jD5iZN-uZRAiBbBf8SnL1gsnXXZt4YyVuSUWpwTfQHLHAzVT-ZCb3tuXyxABApJOpRiZNP-xQWAYxmv/s1600/photo+2+a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1nsbQoY0ISVshN2L8-arSJc1aF9XpE4boMXh6UH4Eap8X3kL0v5ZWKzTsaXAd9jD5iZN-uZRAiBbBf8SnL1gsnXXZt4YyVuSUWpwTfQHLHAzVT-ZCb3tuXyxABApJOpRiZNP-xQWAYxmv/s1600/photo+2+a.jpg" height="320" width="179" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. 22 day old common <br />
octopus paralarvae</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Upon nearing
completion of the new system, we were approached by Mote Marine Laboratory’s
cephalopod specialist Brian Siegel; their common octopus (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Octopus vulgaris</i>) had spawned, and they were curious if we would be
interested at giving them a go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rising
Tide’s focus is primarily on the captive propagation of marine fish species,
but we thought this would be a great way to test out our new larval rearing system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Common octopi have been reared in captivity
at several institutions around the world, but with very low survival, believed
to be due to poor water quality and nutrition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We’re hopeful the improvements we’ve made to our system will allow us to
have some success with these challenging cephalopods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cephalopods
have incredible abilities to adapt to their environment using chromatophores,
which are pigment-containing and light-reflecting organelles found within their
cells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They allow the octopi to
communicate as well as camouflage to their environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even as paralarvae, these common octopi can
create beautiful patterns with their chromatophores, as seen here: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dz22dEuXbmJ8tR2RsvhKi4IsHJg3O6OAhiG463V9qWKrdFGpCQ3RmLWxJtph3Cz1DW2E5OgNWAK2U4WLRo_Fw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Common
octopus paralarvae have a voracious appetite for crustacean zoea in their
natural environment, and have been successfully reared by substituting with
<em>Artemia</em> nauplii as a prey item throughout development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By providing them with a constant supply of
pristine seawater along with microalgae and <em>Artemia</em> nauplii, we’ve reached 28
days post hatch today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’re hopeful
they will remain strong enough to survive to settlement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The Rising
Tide team at the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-40182536769960112342014-05-19T13:29:00.001-07:002014-05-19T13:29:07.416-07:00Colurella adriatica update<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil0aoz-V3NcPtbB3tifU3GN7N-oiRLXiwQ4r85-89Jaj5OYOXCYKWHWQTyb9Tcnt_uQoxeXHOc3CjCqEvUaumUTs1qS1n9PxHHYaeICCS3dM97Y9mvWZE0soynFb_AedPCN5uCSaEMi8IY/s1600/Colurella+blue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil0aoz-V3NcPtbB3tifU3GN7N-oiRLXiwQ4r85-89Jaj5OYOXCYKWHWQTyb9Tcnt_uQoxeXHOc3CjCqEvUaumUTs1qS1n9PxHHYaeICCS3dM97Y9mvWZE0soynFb_AedPCN5uCSaEMi8IY/s1600/Colurella+blue.jpg" height="200" width="195" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcNLm8s8Xn0CBTD4vizCLd-joLoZ7qKja97tihLDLczYkK4B68h1wMSKdNZabD6rIEAcfz1PmDAVatoglsslzDID4WE2pdvX631-aOtdIn1bmNiH3awhqhIrFhawwwAtADFI6ctDFhxcd6/s1600/colurella+dark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcNLm8s8Xn0CBTD4vizCLd-joLoZ7qKja97tihLDLczYkK4B68h1wMSKdNZabD6rIEAcfz1PmDAVatoglsslzDID4WE2pdvX631-aOtdIn1bmNiH3awhqhIrFhawwwAtADFI6ctDFhxcd6/s1600/colurella+dark.jpg" height="180" width="200" /></a></div>
Figure. Photos of <em>Colurella adriatica;</em><br />
a potential new live feed for both<br />
marine and freshwater fish larvae.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">This post is in response
to requests for more information about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella
adriatica</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As previously stated, we’ve
examined salinity and found that although they tolerate a wide range, optimal
performance is at 15-20 g/L (ppt).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
feeding marine fish larvae this is likely going to be the culture salinity as
acute acclimation to full strength seawater is good and this will save on
salt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> also grows well at 5 g/L and therefore when growing them
for freshwater fish, this is the recommended salinity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus far, attempts to grow <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> in 0 g/L freshwater have
yielded poor results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only other
culture parameter tested so far has been diet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An industry partner works as a microbiologist and isolates
bacteria.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had some freeze-dried
bacteria that he wanted us to test.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
solely fed freeze-dried bacteria the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i>
populations survived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When compared to
those <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> fed algae paste
(Nanno 3600™; Reed Mariculture), the ones fed freeze-dried bacteria initially grew
better than those fed paste.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
after 4 days the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> fed paste
had significantly greater growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
results of this trial are still being evaluated, as is optimal diet, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i>’s ability to be fed, and
survive on, freeze-dried bacteria seems feasible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other culture parameters haven’t been tested
yet, but we keep our populations at ~78° F with gentle
aeration and can reach ~500 rotifers per mL with a
population growth rate half of what is achieved with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brachionus</i> sp. rotifers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hopefully, once we know more about this species we can increase
the population density and growth rate.<o:p></o:p></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">As stated in a previous
post, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> has been fed to and
consumed by a number of marine fish larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, it is easier to mention the one that
has not consumed it: green chromis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Digestibility has been an issue for us when using <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> as prey for marine fish larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We've actually seen live, undigested <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> being passed through the gut
of marine fish larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After talking
with Patrick Sorgeloos, his suggestion was to feed less and increase the
residence time in the gut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We'd always
fed high densities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the unique
attributes of Pacific blue tang larvae is their ability to survive heavy water
movement (usually in the form of aeration), even to the point of being unable
to feed (more on this in a future post).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One of the tests we’ve run to increase digestion was to feed them <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> followed by periods of heavy
aeration so they couldn’t feed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What we
found were digested <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> in the
gut of Pacific blue tang larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
results were encouraging and recent tests have focused on ways to
increase residence time of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i>
in the gut of marine fish larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Digestibility of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> is
not a problem for freshwater fish larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To date, we've fed them to bala shark, dwarf gourami, lemon tetra, and
red-eye tetra larvae and they've all survived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recently a population of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i> was supplied to a freshwater fish farmer in the hopes of
more advantageous results during larval rearing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Perhaps the most exciting
information is that in the next few weeks we’ll be awarded a grant to look at the
culture conditions and larval feeding of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colurella</i>
(and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oithona colcarva</i>; our marine
cyclopoid copepod).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether this will be
in the form of hiring someone or promoting someone at our facility remains to
be seen, but having someone focused solely on answering these questions will
help us obtain valid information quickly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The Rising Tide team at
the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-17347135022395894432014-05-15T11:29:00.000-07:002014-05-15T11:29:31.837-07:00Milletseed Butterflyfish Larvae Update<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ6HQyG6QGRNPYZvMZdZO5FkdI34Bpom6ejI-RAf60AYG1siamsjE1Igtmy0Ujc2ToW1Pa9RPdnBPPaY8YrSr00oBSuaK3hKFMMmwv2SzzBU_7a3U1QL20KrI72bMD3LxcERkwI46l2q_A/s1600/Milletseed+larval+update+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ6HQyG6QGRNPYZvMZdZO5FkdI34Bpom6ejI-RAf60AYG1siamsjE1Igtmy0Ujc2ToW1Pa9RPdnBPPaY8YrSr00oBSuaK3hKFMMmwv2SzzBU_7a3U1QL20KrI72bMD3LxcERkwI46l2q_A/s1600/Milletseed+larval+update+1.jpg" height="185" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. A 35 day old milletseed butterflyfish larva with more<br />
pronounced dorsal spines. During this recent trial, larvae displayed<br />
greater development in a shorter period of time.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">It’s been a
while since our last milletseed butterflyfish post but, not to worry, I’ve been
very busy conducting a variety of replicated experiments to better understand their
larval requirements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From those
experiments, I’ve learned several important things about raising the milletseed
butterflyfish. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">From our
previous examinations we knew that nauplii of the copepod <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Parvocalanus crassirostris</i> could be used as a first feed, however, in
clear water only about 50% of larvae were feeding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After exploring the literature, I decided to
test a variety of parameters including algal turbidity, prey density, prey
selectivity, tank size, light intensity, and stocking density in order to
increase feeding performance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sMVFcklOh7q_YL5d-3kuj86JflUcOymnTroCO_JBar6fhNBsLreIX_EJPgUFCNH8-PlksekMcLMxYhaLYZkkL7LWOe6iPQfpWeNh6ZRBCtX6-o_BXUh6MJScwkOmGSFldrfbK20EBsxp/s1600/Milletseed+larval+update+2a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sMVFcklOh7q_YL5d-3kuj86JflUcOymnTroCO_JBar6fhNBsLreIX_EJPgUFCNH8-PlksekMcLMxYhaLYZkkL7LWOe6iPQfpWeNh6ZRBCtX6-o_BXUh6MJScwkOmGSFldrfbK20EBsxp/s1600/Milletseed+larval+update+2a.jpg" height="320" width="241" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. A 35 day old milletseed butterflyfish <br />
larva with less dorsal spine development and <br />
more elongate shape.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">From these
studies I initially learned that the milletseed butterflyfish do not identify
rotifers (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brachionus plicatilis</i>) as
prey throughout larval development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Additionally,
testing revealed that different stocking densities, light intensities, and
tanks sizes <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">didn’t</i> have a significant
effect on feeding incidence or performance of the larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, what did enhance feeding was the
addition of algae (T-ISO) to the tank; which increased the feeding incidence to
about 90%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another interesting result
was that feeding incidence was the same at 1 individual/mL as at prey
densities up to 20 individuals/mL.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">While the
rearing of milletseed butterflyfish to the juvenile phase has not been accomplished
yet, this information is crucial for the optimization of culture methods of the
milletseed butterflyfish. By improving early larval feeding we can increase
early larval survival and promote development, increasing the likelihood of
rearing larvae to settlement. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jon-Michael
Degidio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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</div>
</div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-44445776185677275622014-04-14T07:27:00.000-07:002014-04-14T07:27:07.276-07:00Larval Rearing of the Purple Mask Angelfish<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZrtypveDezxbddgYb9VKTUqimSpZ6hLNabQLoyOfXgSRIH71qTClzHst7s7pVcxNqtQTDG5rX7-cAVQAyonVN-ocuvx_gibKWBUwhqUwDYEUgBv1NsB0_i0XhHvdKN2-L_Y9JGx9B5gUX/s1600/P.+venusta+d3+10913+40x+25C+photo+by+Karen+Brittain+jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZrtypveDezxbddgYb9VKTUqimSpZ6hLNabQLoyOfXgSRIH71qTClzHst7s7pVcxNqtQTDG5rX7-cAVQAyonVN-ocuvx_gibKWBUwhqUwDYEUgBv1NsB0_i0XhHvdKN2-L_Y9JGx9B5gUX/s1600/P.+venusta+d3+10913+40x+25C+photo+by+Karen+Brittain+jpg.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3 day old P. venusta larvae. Photo credit: Karen Brittian</span>.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: white;">Larval
rearing trials began with the spawning of a <i>Paracentropyge venusta</i> pair
in the summer of 2013. The first successful larval rearing trial started with a
small spawn on November 13, 2013. This was the fifth larval run with this
species and the focus was on food density and consumption at different
developmental phases. The diet consisted of both cultured copepods and
wild collected plankton with all food items being less than 100 microns in
size. To assess consumption rates, five random samples were taken for
initial food counts at the start of each test period. All food items added to
the larval tank during the test period were counted while maintaining a density
of 1 to 2 food items per ml in the water column. At the end of the time period
counts were again done to determine larval consumption. At this point a 75%
water change was carried out. I was surprised at the amount of food these
little larvae could put away and as an example, at day 28 post hatch the larvae
consumed approximately 2,150 food items each over a 12 hour period, (5:00am to
5:00pm).</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQReysJqgYp4Ck_Sv9kC83vLjGfpkEBVqBNshXtgF4hPMiE_d9VzDR03VMfaeDJC1qmSemPO7RnET7Rwt_QCJDSb3hhK84VvGSX_PaODfLpD6U-PpMvYjeaZSxVQ3s4bsmqEDYLaobchf/s1600/P.+venusta+Day+32+31914+photo+by+Leighton+Lum.+jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQReysJqgYp4Ck_Sv9kC83vLjGfpkEBVqBNshXtgF4hPMiE_d9VzDR03VMfaeDJC1qmSemPO7RnET7Rwt_QCJDSb3hhK84VvGSX_PaODfLpD6U-PpMvYjeaZSxVQ3s4bsmqEDYLaobchf/s1600/P.+venusta+Day+32+31914+photo+by+Leighton+Lum.+jpg.jpg" height="241" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">32 day old P. venusta larvae. Photo credit: Leighton Lum.</span> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: white;">At
one month of age the larvae started targeting larger prey items and ignored the
food items less than 100 microns in size. At this point newly hatched and
enriched <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Artemia</i> were added to the
diet along with adult cultured copepods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The larvae also began to display benthic behavior by associating with
the corners of the tank, the air stone and airline tubing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A piece of dried coral rubble was added where
the larvae took shelter.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: white;">The
larvae continued to grow and develop; they were moved into a growout tank at 57
days old. At this point we had 17 larvae remaining which equates to 6%
survival from hatch. The development of juvenile colors came slowly. On day 95
they had black pigment on parts of their fins and tail. A month later at
130 days old they were the beautiful blue and yellow of the adults.</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-zrLE_EUbpGVNhnuaKUthtfWEZekM5OgkfCjcmlD_Tq3s0PbvIO3aT_eCAVh41xSK-Yu4eg-DOEFLFrobRBBxuNrkFxKoEv3tfjBBSVRPyyzGvaEBUckYl9pDs0OwMd25nWpGw5o6m3Y3/s1600/P.+venusta+Day+115+31914+right+side,+photo+by+Leighton+Lum+jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-zrLE_EUbpGVNhnuaKUthtfWEZekM5OgkfCjcmlD_Tq3s0PbvIO3aT_eCAVh41xSK-Yu4eg-DOEFLFrobRBBxuNrkFxKoEv3tfjBBSVRPyyzGvaEBUckYl9pDs0OwMd25nWpGw5o6m3Y3/s1600/P.+venusta+Day+115+31914+right+side,+photo+by+Leighton+Lum+jpg.jpg" height="208" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">115 day old P. venusta juvenile. Photo credit: Leighton Lum.</span> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: white;">Larval
rearing of this species proved relatively “easy” in their first few weeks of
the larval stage after which point larval development and growth seemed to
slow. This could be attributed to the type and amount of wild plankton
collected and fed out at that time. I feel that the larval phase could be
shortened and improved upon in the area of diet. After metamorphosis the larvae
were again slow to develop with a reluctance to accept non-living food items
and this is also another area for improvement. The Reef Frenzy and Herbivore
Frenzy frozen foods were the first choice of the juveniles when they began to
accept non-living food. Currently these juveniles are fairly bold and are consuming frozen
and dry foods with gusto. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: white;">
</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: white;">Karen
Brittain<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-60201272749185108922014-03-26T10:06:00.000-07:002014-03-26T11:34:59.563-07:00Brood Stock Management, Spawning and Egg Collection of the Purple Masked Angelfish (Paracentropyge venusta)<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9_YjKWtnmWKhInTebuBhHLkVxqtjbatg39jZxV2F_P9I332YVhCEpJ_B5YSm-qwGqdjvs2XdASskajR3lbVtHOtg9I1zqDFX4EpfwJEg3hIOsWa7Fwreb3z8Y9HVN_GxoEM4FrzCHR7Yb/s1600/P.+venusta+female+showing+precaudal+band+31914+photo+by+Leighton+Lum+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9_YjKWtnmWKhInTebuBhHLkVxqtjbatg39jZxV2F_P9I332YVhCEpJ_B5YSm-qwGqdjvs2XdASskajR3lbVtHOtg9I1zqDFX4EpfwJEg3hIOsWa7Fwreb3z8Y9HVN_GxoEM4FrzCHR7Yb/s1600/P.+venusta+female+showing+precaudal+band+31914+photo+by+Leighton+Lum+3.jpg" height="277" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Female P. venusta (note the light precaudal band). <br />
Photo credit: Leighton Lum.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Paracentropyge venusta</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> were identified as a good candidate
for captive breeding since they often do not adjust well to captive life after
being collected in the wild. A juvenile pair from Japan was established for
broodstock. The immature fish were introduced to each other during quarantine. Due
to the timid nature of this species, quarantine was a dark blue barrel with black
plastic pipe provided as hiding places. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaEKfgfDAEpm8s2YWStv4BOadg3APHhhH-M5NLy8zB7eDGL1Rc24c3_7AlEabOspk4YNCeKRIUNx18A8T_eH-JNygY0gU6vnS9WhJ564KB7oNIPdsEEJBz9nEjmUHCVstSE3G1XOHa8JVv/s1600/P.+venusta+male+31914+photo+by+Leighton+Lum+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaEKfgfDAEpm8s2YWStv4BOadg3APHhhH-M5NLy8zB7eDGL1Rc24c3_7AlEabOspk4YNCeKRIUNx18A8T_eH-JNygY0gU6vnS9WhJ564KB7oNIPdsEEJBz9nEjmUHCVstSE3G1XOHa8JVv/s1600/P.+venusta+male+31914+photo+by+Leighton+Lum+2.jpg" height="276" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Male P. venusta. Photo credit: Leighton Lum.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The pair is
housed in a 440 liter tank with a foot print of 122cm by 46cm and a height of
76cm to provide room for a spawning rise. They are housed with a pair of Red
Sea Regal Angelfish, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pygoplites
diacanthus</i> and a single Multibarred Angelfish <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paracentropyge multifasciata</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Feeding
occurs at least 3 times daily with a varied diet of frozen clams, table shrimp,
Mysis shrimp, krill, Artemia, commercial frozen and dry food and nori. The mature
male now measures 8.5cm total length; the female is slightly smaller at 7.5cm.
The female has a 1-2mm, pale colored band at the precaudal region of the body. This
band is present in small juveniles and may be a simple trait of sexual
dimorphism for this species. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Spawning
began when the pair was just over two years of age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Initial spawns were small and infrequent. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the summer of 2013, spawns became
increasingly larger with a higher fertility rate although still on an irregular
cycle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spawns are now more regular and vary
300 to approximately 1000 eggs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pre-spawning
chasing activity generally begins around 7:00pm which is 2 hours before lights
out. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spawning normally happens within 30
minutes of lights out. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The eggs are
approximately 700 microns in diameter with a single oil drop. They are
positively buoyant and float at the water surface. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The eggs are then collected using a 500 to 600
micron mesh net. They are placed in a container with water from the broodstock
tank and allowed to incubate over night without aeration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once the eggs begin to develop, the embryo becomes
heavily pigmented appearing quite dark as compared to other angelfish eggs.
This makes them easy to see and count. Fertile eggs hatch 16 hours after spawn
at 27C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Special
thanks to DJ Linehan of Tropical Fish Emporium for broodstock acquisition and species
information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Karen
Brittain <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2706844010929693282.post-37123392225890468472014-03-25T11:28:00.000-07:002014-03-25T11:28:55.958-07:00Yellow Tang… so close, yet so far… – Update from OI <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4wY9-V2L-oAQxbPKFrKxnfV0qOFONVbzpUHD6J2nRVTvZn4EuA-75TN9lYLzTtYNCOjqcUmYk3-NPxV8giBRiir5_NFZAyK4GhRyo-JnPtfcWnK7MXeSV4-c6DXOESRcwiOHMElSkzTcQ/s1600/yellow+tang+Day+60+001+7x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4wY9-V2L-oAQxbPKFrKxnfV0qOFONVbzpUHD6J2nRVTvZn4EuA-75TN9lYLzTtYNCOjqcUmYk3-NPxV8giBRiir5_NFZAyK4GhRyo-JnPtfcWnK7MXeSV4-c6DXOESRcwiOHMElSkzTcQ/s1600/yellow+tang+Day+60+001+7x.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Day 60 yellow tang larvae. Photo credit: Dean Kline.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Since we last wrote at Day 50, we’ve observed
a lot of interesting things with our yellow tang larvae. Probably the most
important thing we observed is their very inefficient feeding capability. At
their size (~1cm), newly hatched <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Artemia</i>
nauplii should have been easy prey, but time and time again we’d watch them
strike and miss, or partially catch one only to spit it out. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Artemia</i> nauplii definitely don’t seem to
be adequate to sustain yellow tang at this stage in development. Likewise
enriched <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Artemia</i> were all but
rejected. Also, at this stage, the fish seem to rely on their large pectoral
fins for propulsion and were very awkward moving around the tank. We
would frequently observe them floundering about and then suddenly right themselves and swim on quite normally. This seemed to require a lot of energy,
which in their compromised nutritional state, likely lead to some additional
stress. They also tended to gravitate to the tank walls, and appeared to
sometimes be grazing or picking things from the walls. Although we
included live rock, macroalgae and other substrate in the tanks at this point,
we did not observe any sign of the fish wanting to be near the bottom.
Settlement seemed to be a long way off. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWdoqfHyaPyPmF5XOPQiJR3-2gm3OP-DpEZyp3bgjHyafPE61SMHhrQCnekWf5Gnv_Mc1fnzOAzk4Wk_gY85KqAGcjhuf1IjG9PTcOME0CIClrYSfGkxIearkJmFoXaX7S72fvGWez4jly/s1600/yellow+tang+Day+83+002+7x+m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWdoqfHyaPyPmF5XOPQiJR3-2gm3OP-DpEZyp3bgjHyafPE61SMHhrQCnekWf5Gnv_Mc1fnzOAzk4Wk_gY85KqAGcjhuf1IjG9PTcOME0CIClrYSfGkxIearkJmFoXaX7S72fvGWez4jly/s1600/yellow+tang+Day+83+002+7x+m.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Day 83 yellow tang larvae (Lucky). Photo credit: Chad Callan.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">From Day 50-60 we continued to lose fish daily;
which seemed to be stuck in metamorphosis and were not advancing through this
particular stage. We quickly realized that yellow tangs probably have some
rather specific nutritional and/or environmental requirements that we were not
meeting. We had only ~25 fish at day 60 and were down to 3 fish by Day 65. It
seemed we were at the end of this run. However, some hope remained as our sole surviving fish, “Lucky”, refused to succumb to the fate of his
tank-mates. We were surprised daily to see him swimming each morning from Day
67 onward. He seemed to be growing and his dorsal spine was definitely
shrinking (a sign that this stage might be ending). Unfortunately, this
“lucky streak” ended on Day 83. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">From the pictures you can certainly see that
“Lucky’s” body was beginning to complete this stage of metamorphosis, with his
dorsal spine nearly gone and head shape transforming. If we had only had
a few more days with him! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We learned a lot
during this trial and will continue to work towards resolving these late-stage
challenges in future attempts. We already have more larvae in the hatchery
and will work our way back to this point again! In the meantime, Emma
will continue to update you on her thesis research as she works to resolve some
of their early mortality issues. So much still to learn!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aloha,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Chad <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
Rising Tide contributorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10079904579478368669noreply@blogger.com1